Black Diamond NOW

Ragfish for Dinner Anyone?

Yes, there is such a thing as Ragfish that reside in the waters of the North Pacific.  The following photo taken in 1927 by famed northwest photographer Asahel Curtis shows a fisherman posing with his "prize" catch of the day.

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Photo courtesy Washington State Historical Society, 1943.42.51989, Asahel Curtis photographer, circa 1927

Those are egg sacks from this ragfish lying in a puddle on the dock.  Not the prettiest catch you'll find, nor a delicacy to behold.  The ragfish body is scale-less and limp and has a skeletal structure made up mostly of cartilage, giving it "flabby" muscles.  Catching a ragfish is a rarity since they reside at ocean depths in the 2,500 to 5,000 ft. range, which makes me wonder how the fisherman shown in the above photo could have caught this one.  I'll take halibut, thank you.

Chinook Salmon now Spawning in the Green River

On Tuesday, I headed out to Kanaskat-Palmer State Park hoping to see some fall colors along the shores of the Green River.  What did I find - Chinook salmon spawning close to shore and some fall colors too.  What a treat this was!  These are the big guys that we seldom see spawning around these parts.

I'm not sure which of these are the female and which the male, but they sure make a pair working their way up and down the spawning grounds and within about 20 feet from where I stood.  More often than not, there were three or four fish swimming side by side participating in this annual ritual.  You can see the eye of the one salmon to the far right - one of four in this cluster making plenty of splashes on the surface.

Here's another pair.  Note how big the humpbacks are.  The water is crystal clear.

Spawning is apparently a bit early this year, thanks to fall rains.  I also saw some smaller Pinks spawning, but the Chinook steal the show.  You can see the eye of another salmon above.  Is it the male with the bigger humpback or the female?  Judging from the positioning of the two fish, I would have to guess the bigger fish is the male, trailing somewhat the movement of the female.

I did find some fall color and the carcass remains from spawning fish that had arrived earlier.

On the one hand, it makes me sad.

On the other hand, we should be very happy.  It's the time of year when trees shed their leaves and salmon spawn, depositing their fertilized eggs for the spring return to sea and leaving their remains for the eagles and other wildlife that rely on them for sustenance to make it through the winter.  And to see them survive and now return in increasing numbers, it's a special treat.

This coming weekend should be a great time for visiting Kanaskat-Palmer State Park and wandering the shoreline, both to see the colors of leaves falling and to see the Chinook salmon in the act of spawning.  The best place I found was along the shoreline to the far north end of the park.  After entering the park, head down the road toward the river.  When the road T's, turn right and follow to the end.  Follow the trail from there to the river.  What a treat!

More Birds of Prey - Some Odd Shots of Owls

What does a baby Great Horned Owl look like when it first ventures out of the nest?  It looks like it had a rough night!

Taken from a very long distance but managed to get focused on this one's eyes.  These two youngsters were moving about very carefully in the crotch of a tree at the Billy Frank Jr. Nisqually Wildlife Refuge.  Both had what looked like a feather "crust" still clinging to them around their head area.  Lots of growing up yet to do for these two.

Fierce predators.  Because most owls are nocturnal and silent hunters of the night, finding and photographing them has for me been very challenging.  Short eared owls in the Skagit Valley have been the easiest to find during the day.

For Burrowing Owls, who also hunt and wander about during the day, Othello is the place to go.  You'll find them burrowed under some old irrigation ditches.

Cute little guys.  Speaking of little guys, try to find a tiny Northern Saw-whet Owl like this one hiding in the bushes at Nisqually trying to get some sleep.  Not much larger than my fist.

This Long-eared Owl was nearly impossible to find and photograph hiding among all the branches.  Finally, it was his eye that blinked open, giving him away.

In Black Diamond, Great Horned Owls seem to be the most common in the forested areas around Lake Sawyer and I have heard reports of a Great Grey Owl.  Though I have heard a lot of them, I have yet to get a decent photo here.  But it's a fun challenge.  Keep your ears open and let me know where you see or hear them.  Thanks

Predators

Living in the northwest, we are blessed with nature's bounty.  This includes the cute and cuddly looking bunnies, squirrels and chipmunks that we so love to see, even in our yards, as well as those predators who rely on these same creatures as a staple in their diet.  I didn't think that I'd ever see bears roaming around Lake Sawyer, but so they were this year, even swimming in the lake.  Raccoons are also regular visitors and not to mess with as are river otters and beavers.  We've even seen a weasel in our yard.  But it's birds of prey that we see most often among the predators and their antics can be amazing to watch as they target their dinner of the day.

What's the most amazing bird of prey that we've see while hiking and exploring?  Not eagles and not osprey, though they are so much fun to watch, but I would have to say seeing a peregrine falcon in action was the most exciting.

We saw this peregrine eating dinner after downing it's prey along Shi Shi beach.  Never thought that we would be so close.  Did you know that peregrines are the fastest bird in flight in the world with speeds topping 200 mph.  They literally dive bomb their prey, stunning them with the force of their hits.  They are not big (about the size of a crow) but they sure pack a wallop.  

Eagles, of course, are reining kings of the sky and appear to fear nothing.  Just look at those talons.

For the best form diving, however, it's osprey that win the prize.   And look at the size of the prey they can catch.

This kokanee salmon must weigh 2 or 3 lbs.  A family of osprey take up residency here at Lake Sawyer most of the year, while bald eagles typically head north by mid July or so for summer vacation - and summer salmon runs.  Here's one at Lake Sawyer with a large catfish.  Poor picture but it does show the catfish.

Not quite as glamorous perhaps as peregrine falcons, bald eagles and osprey, we also have quite a few of what I'll call "blue collar" birds of prey of the hawk and owl families that we can see more widely in the Puget sound area.  We even get to see short eared owls in flight during daylight hours.  Very graceful and very powerful.  I wouldn't want to be a rodent with these guys around.

Rough legged hawks are somewhat smaller but fast and also in pursuit of rodents.  Even saw one of these guys hunting at Kelly Butte lookout.

American Kestrels are one of the prettier, though petite, members of the hawk family.  

Kestrel will eat anything from insects (beetles, dragonflies, spiders and butterflies), to rodents, to small birds.  Really really quick.  Too many more to include in this post.  Soooo much fun observing and photographing them all.  One thing they all seem to have in common - so graceful and so determined.

 

 

Otters at Mount Rainier?

Yep, we have river otters at Mt. Rainier National Park.  And fish in the lakes too, but I guess that is why we have otters. What surprised me was how high up in the mountains they were.  

The above photo was taken yesterday at Reflection Lakes, elevation 4,900 feet.  Given the heights of the waterfalls at the outlets of these and other lakes up here, one would have to reason that otters live here year round.  Can you imagine otters making it up and over Narada falls to get to these lakes?  The fishing seems to be good too.

In the 30 minutes or so I watched this otter make the rounds, he/she caught two fish.

I wonder how they could make it through the winter?  There must be some streams that these otters travel that avoids the big waterfalls.  Some interesting colors in the lake this time of year, though wildflowers were not blooming yet here. 

 

Backpacking? Bring Your Bear Canister!

Planning to do some overnight back packing and camping in the mountains this summer?  There are black bears with young cubs in the cascades and even a few grizzly bears in North Cascades National Park.  Bring your ten essentials and add an eleventh - bear canisters to safely store your food and not attract unwanted visitors.  The following photo in Mt. Rainier National Park, with Pinnacle Peak in the background, was taken several decades ago but bears do seem to be as common today as they were in the past, if not more so.

Image courtesy White River Valley Museum, PO-00660, n.d.

Following is a quote from our National Parks: "Proper food storage is essential and required (by law) for the health and safety of humans and animals in North Cascades National Park Complex. Many bears (black bears, but including the occasional grizzly bear) make their home in the North Cascades, and sightings are not uncommon. Bears are opportunistic, omnivorous eaters who will take advantage of easily available food sources, particularly in the fall when they are fattening up for the winter." 

When you stop by the Park Service at Mt. Rainier, North Cascades or Olympic National Park for your backcountry permit, be sure to bring you bear canister.  Hard sided canisters are now required at a number of sites depending on where you are hiking (though they do have a few canisters to lend for use and return for those who forget or were unaware).  You must be able to hang your food out of reach at all back country sites.

With recent reports and sightings of a mother bear and cub here at Lake Sawyer and elsewhere around the community, including one swimming across the lake, keeping food in the house makes sense everywhere in our community too.

 

Watching Eagles Fly

What is it about watching eagles fly that is so much fun?  And even better is having an opportunity to photograph them.  This time of year is not always the best, but we sure got lucky this weekend.  It's been years since Judy and I wandered the beaches of Point Defiance, but decided to visit some of our old haunts so off we went.  In addition to the innumerable seals, gulls and herons, a low tide always exposes some fun to see marine life.  And then, perched on a tree overlooking the entry channel to Gig Harbor, we happened across both an eagle and a whale.  No whale pics but I was dialed in to the eagle as it pondered staying perched on the tree limb or flying away.

Looks to be a little wet after having breakfast no doubt.  And then it was time to fly.

Always so stern and concentrated.  I don't think he liked us.

Is that a wing span or what?

I didn't have my long lens with me, but for some reason he chose to fly low along the water and close to shore, providing us with some great views.

What a treat.  Judy and I are so very fortunate to have the many opportunities we have for experiencing nature at its best - in the northwest.

Friends of Lake Sawyer - On Vacation or Moving Away?

In the nearly 40 years that we have lived at Lake Sawyer, we could always count on visits from lots of regular friends.  Though I expect that they are still around, it's been awhile since we have seen a few of them.  Maybe I should put up some MOST WANTED posters.  First on my MOST WANTED list are the family of river otters that seemed to visit so regularly during fall and winter months.  They are so fun to watch and a great indicator of healthy water quality.  But, it's been a few years since we have seen them making the rounds.

At one time we had kokanee spawning in Ravensdale Creek - a  fisherman's delight to be sure for both man and otter but kokanee haven't been seen here for 20 years or more and are no longer planted in the lake.  But, trout and bass fishing do seem to be reasonably good, judging from all the cormorants, osprey and fishing boats we regularly see.  So let's hope that our otter friends are just vacationing elsewhere for a little while, letting osprey guard their territory.

A couple of winters ago, a storm wreaked havoc with the eagles nest at the south end of Lake Sawyer next to Frog Lake.  Alas, too much damage done and the eagles haven't been seen nesting here since then.  Though we do still occasionally see them patrolling around the lake, it sure would be great if we could find where they might be nesting now.  Close I hope.

Here's a view of a 3 or 4 month old eaglet taking some practice flights between branches, about ready to leave the nest.  Where else have you seen this before and within walking distance of your home?

Next on my MOST WANTED list are the winter Coho salmon that have historically spawned up Ravensdale Creek.  Four or five years ago, Judy and I were able to find them spawning near the "slatted" bridge.  Quite the spectacle to witness.

The good news - a substantially modernized salmon hatchery downstream at Big Soos Creek is now nearly completed.  Let's hope that increasing water temperatures and more development along Covington Creek don't ruin this important habitat.

So, if you spot any of these "friends" on our MOST WANTED list, please let me know.  It's very important that we keep the welcome mat out - through our actions to protect lake water quality and to maintain the vital wildlife habitat that we now have.

With the old Black Diamond sewer plant no longer discharging into the lake beginning about 1991, with the John Henry No. 1 mine shut down beginning in 1999 and now we have an "anti-degradation" phosphorus discharge limit in place and enforceable with the MPD developer, we have a good shot at protecting the lake.  But, it will take the continued work and vigilance of us all to make that happen. We do have challenges ahead.

Australian Hiking Buddies

Hiking the trails in Australia National Parks has been an experience that we won't soon forget - not to be missed if you have the opportunity.  Not only are the beaches and forests unique, but they are among the best maintained and most scenic we have seem.  And the wildlife - so much fun.  Here are a few examples - photos that I haven't posted on facebook or Instagram.

What did we see first day out in the wild?  A Koala hanging out it one of his favorite trees.  So lucky not only to see him, but to be able to photograph him as well in his natural setting.  A rare experience I'm told. 

Emus were not quite so rare.

Stay away from these guys.  They are big and seemingly unafraid.  

Kangaroos seemed to be everywhere, but we also managed to see a family of pademelon, smallest of the kangaroo family.

The Tasmanian Native Hen has some pretty colors.

A few more of our hiking buddies, not so unusual.

Kangaroo

Hooded Plover, currently mating and nesting.

Cockatoos, the noisiest and most obnoxious bird I've seen.  The penultimate gang members.

In part, because of the hot summer weather, most the wildlife we have seen are sparse or out of sight during the day, spending their time napping in the shade during the day and being active at night.  But thankfully, we found our hiking buddy Mr. Koala moving about and were able to observe and take a few pictures.  

Having way too much fun.

Snowbirds

A combination of people and warmer winter climate seem to have resulted in more wild birds wintering over in the northwest rather than migrate further south.  When we do have a period of winter weather, it's interesting to see how these birds cope in the snow.  Following are a few pictures of our feathered friends dealing with the snow and cold of early February.

The colors of this male House Finch really stand out in contrast to the snow.  They also look a little larger than normal as they puff out their chest to help protect from the cold.  

I can't remember seeing so many Varied Thrushes like the one above hopping across our deck.  Following is one in flight.

Robins really stand out in the snow too and boy do they puff out their chest.

The "thugs" of this winter, and very noisy ones too, have been the Stellar Jays and Northern Flickers.  This flicker should be arrested for attempted "breaking and entering".

We did find a couple of casualties in the aftermath.  One was a humming bird, though I'm not sure why since we kept them supplied with unfrozen sugar water, and a Towhee. Here's one of the towhees that stayed close to the bird feeders.

Gotta love the Chickadees.  

Hopefully, it's time to say "until next year".

Snow Buddies

One might think that snow and cold weather would bring levels of outdoor activity to a halt.  Nope, it's been quite the opposite.  We've had visitors stop by that we haven't seen in some time knocking on our door.  Regulars take us a bit for granted, like our hummingbird friends who stare at us through the window if we are late in thawing the sugar water in their feeders.  Or the tribe of Dark-eyed Juncos who invited all their friends over.  I must say, they are fun to watch as the snow falls.  They stay so "puffed up" in the snow.

I still haven't been able to figure out which Juncos are females and which are males, though love is certainly now in the air.  They also invited their friends the Towies over for lunch.

The Wigeon family have been the biggest party crashers and made themselves at home in our yard and under our deck.  We haven't seen them all year.

Two females scouting the territory, followed by the boys.

The army of Coots stayed in the water (only about 100 or so of them), which is just fine by me.  Mallards, of course, acted as if they owned the place, waddling along right up on our deck.  We never feed them, but they sure looked like they expected a hand-out.

Mallards are truly the "Rodney Dangerfield" of the duck family but they really are a pretty bird.

And, of course, the squirrel family joined the party, cleaning up after the others.

Quite a menagerie on a snowy day.

Time to go for a hike in the snow.  Enjoy!

Bald Eagles

Why do we get so much pleasure from observing and trying to photograph bald eagles?  For me, it's a long list:

• It gets me out into nature
• Provides both physical exercise and mental therapy
• Though eagles are no longer endangered, they are still somewhat rare
• They are so beautiful, regal and strong
• Fun to watch
• Always satisfying to capture a good photo, which is not always easy to do
• I learn a lot about nature and our environment

As I have had more opportunity and some success with photographing eagles while they were perched on a tree limb or maybe doing a fly-by off in the distance, capturing an image while they are engaged with other eagles or perhaps doing something out of the ordinary has become my greater focus.  And its fun.  Following are a few of the more unusual and action sights from my couple of trips to the Nooksack this winter.

Landing on a tree branch isn't always quite so easy.

Weighing on average about 4 lbs, finding a sturdy branch to land on makes things a whole lot easier.

Making room on a branch or stump for both Mr. & Mrs. can also be a challenge.

1st or 2nd year juveniles can look pretty fierce.

Adults, though, seem to have a real grace about them despite their ferocity.

Being on a hill above eagles as they dive down to dine on salmon carcasses provides some interesting perspectives and close ups, and sometimes can put you at nearly eye level.

Two more photos out a several hundred.  The stare down of this eagle is down right intimidating.

And my favorite - in the spotlight.

None of these are the perfect shots either technically or artistically, but it sure is fun.

Lake Sawyer Wildlife - Making it through Winter

Helped no doubt by our unseasonably mild weather, local wildlife seem to be thriving at the lake right now.  I see one or two bald eagles most mornings taking stock of what's on the menu for the day.  They also are flying a lot together - could it be mating season?  Migrating ducks are also abundant now with mergansers and goldeneyes also making preparation for mating season.  These Common Goldeneyes are good sized and live up to their name.  First the male:

Females too.  Their orange tipped beaks and reddish brown colored heads, along with their eyes, stand out more than many female ducks species.

My favorites are still the Pied-billed Grebes that go fishing every morning just off our dock.  The females have quite a long neck.

Males have more coloring on their beaks and are noticeably smaller.

I think we have a pair of squirrels nesting under our deck.  They love to do cleanup duty on the seeds and bits of suet that fall from our bird feeders when the birds are feeding.

Easy to get closeups of these guys. 

This one looks like he's sticking his tongue out at me.

Our favorites, of course, are the hummingbirds.

Will post some lake eagle pics when we get some more sunshine.  In the meantime, here are a couple of eagle photos from my travels to the Nooksack.

 

 

Salmon Fishing - Eagle Style

Having the opportunity to observe bald eagles feasting on salmon each December along the North Fork of the Nooksack River is one of those experiences not to be missed.  You'll find plenty of these beautiful birds hanging out in the trees along the river in no apparent hurry to go "fishing".  Given that salmon often outweigh eagles, finding a carcass floating downstream along the shore after the fish have spawned is the typical method of choice for landing an eagle's breakfast and dinner.  Occasionally, however, we do find an eagle diving out into the water to drag one to shore.  A couple of weeks ago, I was fortunate to be able to capture the sequence of one eagle eyeing it's dinner in the river and then diving down to "land" it.  

Following are a few of the highlights:

On the glide path.

Concentrate!

Splash down!

This was the easiest part so far.  Now you have to get really wet and drag your dinner to shore.

After a few minutes of really hard wet work, you can finally rest and savor your meal.

The only problem, however, is that once ashore, all the eagles who have been watching this spectacle would love nothing more than a free lunch.  Here they come.

One hates to eat and run, but that's the life of an eagle.  Fortunately, there's lots of food in the river this time of year.
 

How Do Hummingbirds Make It Through Winter?

The short answer to this question is that most of them migrate to warmer climates in Mexico and the Caribbean in winter and even to South America.  That's a long way for such a small bird.  But, according to National Geographic, more hummingbirds are staying north these days as a result of both warmer winter weather and human activity.  Winters in the Puget Sound region are by no means severe and we have lots of people activity, so we find lots of hummingbirds here year round.  How many of us have hummingbird feeders that we dutifully keep full of nice sugary water?  Many of us I'm sure.  Watching them fly and feed is so much fun!  So is trying to photograph them while in flight.  This one was taken Christmas eve morning.

To capture this image, I took the photo through our kitchen window and had to use a shutter speed of 1/2000th of a second.  What do hummingbirds feed on?  Of course, we all know that they love sugared water.  A concentration of 25% sugar is very similar to the high sugar content of flower and plant nectar that we typically see them feeding on in our gardens.  But hummingbirds are actually carnivores and feed on insects as their main food staple.  For some reason, the more people there are, the more insects and the better the habitat for hummingbirds.  Hmmm, some "food" for thought.  Sugar from plant nectar and people hummingbird feeders provide the fuel needed for them to catch their real nutritious food.

Look at those tiny little feet!  Hummingbirds need lots of sugar to survive and consume up to 1/2 their body weight in sugar each day.  A hummingbird's metabolism is the highest of any endothermic animal on earth and thus the need for lots of fuel.  To conserve energy during extreme cold weather, a hummingbird's heart rate can plummet from 1,260 beats per minute down to fewer than 50 beats - entering a state of torpor.  Even then, however, they can still lose 10% of their body weight over night.  They need food and lots of sugary fuel to find it.

Following is our latest addition of hummingbird feeders, this one made of blown glass by an artisan at a farmers market.  Pretty fun and holds plenty of sugar water.

Some people caution about making hummingbirds too dependent on people during the winter.  Fair enough.  Probably the best thing we can do is grow more plants that bloom in colder seasons - like hellebores.   And a couple of feeders properly attended will do just fine.

Now, if only I could find a way to increase my metabolism while eating all of that sweet holiday food, instead of going into torpor.  

Eagles of the Nooksack

About this time each year, two large runs of pink salmon return to the Nooksack and Skagit rivers to spawn.  Pinks are reasonably small, averaging 4 to 5 pounds with a few 20 pound lunkers thrown in for excitement.  With a total of 6.8 million fish on average returning each year to all Puget Sound rivers, it's by far the largest run of salmon we have here.  But the Skagit and Nooksack are the places to see them in numbers - and also the large number of eagles they attract.  

Though perhaps a little early, I headed up to my favorites spots along the Nooksack last week hoping to see some eagles and I wasn't disappointed.

For me, it doesn't get much more fun than trying to photograph eagles while in flight.

You won't find eagles diving for fish like we do here at Lake Sawyer or at Wolf Lodge Bay in Lake Coeur 'd Alene while kokanee are spawning.  Trout and kokanee are much smaller than even small pink salmon.  Salmon are much too big and heavy for eagles to lift.  Instead, eagles feed on salmon carcasses that lie in the water after they have spawned and no longer flapping about.  

The "action", when it occurs for photographers, is when eagles engage in disputes over who gets to feed first.  Then, it's all about a display of power and threat in an attempt to chase other eagles from feeding on their favorite carcasses and territory.

Watching them feed is not a pretty sight.

Only when enough meat has been removed from the carcass will an eagle attempt to claim it and lift it away to a more private dinner spot.

They do seem to really like feeding on the skin too.  Always fun to watch even when just performing a fly by.

More eagle pics in a future post.

 

Return of our Lake Sawyer Feathered Friends

As Thanksgiving approaches, we are beginning to see quite a number of our feathered friends at Lake Sawyer.  Some, like bald eagles, pied-billed grebes, ring-necked ducks, bufflehead, hooded mergansers and cormorants often winter-over here (I've seen each of these so far this year).  Ospreys will soon join them.  Others, like common mergansers, coots, western grebes, wood ducks, gadwalls, wigeons, teals, northern shovelers, golden-eyes and pintail ducks generally pass through heading south after a short rest.  And of course, we have our year-round resident great blue herons, Canadian geese and kingfishers.  If only we could induce the geese to migrate south.

Following are some photos from last week.

Also saw a juvenile eagle making the rounds yesterday.  With their old nest in Lake Sawyer Park badly damaged in past storms, let's keep an eye out for where they might build another nest or repair the old.  

These cute little pied-billed grebes are great fishermen and we see them diving near our dock year after year.

This male hooded merganser was hanging out with a group of ring-necked ducks at the south end of the lake.  The following shows a ring-necked duck on takeoff followed by his/her buddy merganser.

This time of year, you will often find a heron standing atop the outlet weir in the morning hours.  

The above photo was taken at Nisqually showing the bird's reflections.  Still working on getting a good recent shot of our Lake Sawyer herons.

More reflections taken at Lake Sawyer park of Mr. & Mrs. ring-necked ducks along with more heron reflections that follow.

It's a fun time of year for birders.

 

Got Goats

Finally, the third time was a charm and I was able to photograph mountain goats at Mt. Rainier - except, they're not really goats.  Instead, according to the experts, they are Bovidea in the same family as antelopes, gazelles and cattle and not true goats of the Capra family.  No matter, they sure look like goats.  I finally found two groups feeding along the hillsides of Berkeley Park about a mile past where the trail from Sunrise splits three ways: (1) to the Burroughs, (2) to Fremont Lookout where goat sightings have been frequent lately (except when I'm there) and (3) following the Wonderland Trail on to Berkeley Park and Skyscraper Mountain.   I found two groups in Berkeley Park with about a dozen animals total, including 4 youngsters.

The youngsters looked a lot younger than I would have thought given that fall and winter are rapidly approaching.  Staying close to mom still, except for a few wandering about.

Fortunately, I was carrying my long lens and was able to get decent views.

A few of them posed as if they wanted to have their portrait taken.  I was only happy to oblige. 

Profiles too.

It still astounds me how they are able to find enough food up here to survive. 

The clan sticks together.

There seems to be a significant symmetry about where and how they sit or stand in pairs.

These are all females tending the herd.  Males live a solitary life except during mating season.

Twins?  They could be.  One of the bigger challenges to the herds' long term viability is to limit inbreeding.  Fortunately, it seems as though the herds at Mt. Rainier are fairly healthy, with 72 counted in one group last week by rangers on the hillsides of Freemont Mountain.

This female was apparently unimpressed by my camera.

Lots of fun.

 

 

Mika the Pika

Meet my camping buddy Mika the Pika.  A member of the rabbit family, pikas hang out at higher elevations in the cascades, living in burrows where they can stay warm when the snows come.  Cute little guys.

I found several of them feeding on a variety of grasses growing just above their den at the Mowich Lake campground.  Because they don't hibernate and stay active all year, they need to store plenty of food in their dens to tide them over through the winter months - a process called haying.

As you can see, short legs and no tail.  Looking pretty "plump" this time of year.  Don't be deceived by their body build, pika are fast, fast, fast and would be tough to catch by predators such as eagles, foxes and weasels.  

Though they do drink water when it's available, there is sufficient water in the food they eat that they don't need to find a source of water other than that contained in their food.  Apparently they are quite picky about what they hay away for the winter.   Keep your eyes open when out and about up at Mt. Rainier.  Chances are pretty good that you might see some.

Easy to identify by their ears.

Bald Eagles - So Much Fun to Watch

This year has been a banner year for watching eagles, be it at Wolf Lodge Bay in Lake Coeur d'Alene, along the Nooksack River, Skagit Flats and here at Lake Sawyer.  Lots of birds including youngsters and adults. There is something special about bald eagles that really grabs my attention.

Maybe it's seeing sheer power on display.  Look at those talons.  My curiosity about their habits and behavior led me to do a little research. 

• Why are they called bald eagles?  They are named for their white head (not lack of head feathers).  
• How big are they?  Females are typically larger than males, 35 - 37" long with a wingspan of up to 90".
• They can weigh from 8 to 14 lbs.

This is what I call a wingspan.

Their feathers weigh twice as much as do their bones, which are hollow and very light weight.  Their feet are actually tendons and as a result, cold resistant.  Eagle beaks, talons and feathers are made of keratin, the same material as in our hair and nails.  

• How do they stay warm when it's cold outside?  Their 7,000 or so feathers have several layers and can be rotated to increase or decrease insulating effect.
• How do they cool off in hot weather?  Eagles have a body temperature of 106 degrees.  To increase cooling, since they don't sweat, eagles pant or fluff their feathers.

Looks like he or she is having a bad hair day!  Eagles are known for their incredible vision.  They can be flying several hundred feet above the lake and see fish below the surface.  How do they do it?

• Eagle eyes are larger than eyes of adult humans.
• Each eye has two "fovea" or centers of focus allowing them to see both forward and to the side at the same time.
• Eagles also have binocular vision, allowing them to maintain depth perception while diving.

Despite being at the top of bird power ratings, their lives are far from easy.  Chicks stay in the nest after their eggs hatch for 10 to 12 weeks before taking flight and leaving.  Those early test flights can be interesting.  The following photo taken here at Lake Sawyer shows a juvenile taking some test flights outside the nest.  Look at how big they grow in such a short period.

Though they get their size early, the growing up process is a long one - 2 to 3 years before they reach full maturity and are able to mate. It has been estimated that 50 to 70% of all juveniles die in their first year and maybe 90% before reaching full maturity.  Learning to hunt for fresh food takes skill and practice.  Catching a fish for juveniles often takes quite a few passes and more often than not ends in failure.  This is one reason, perhaps, why juveniles rely more on eating carrion (dead animal carcasses) than do adults who feed mostly on live prey.

Following is a picture taken this summer of a juvenile "fishing" as the sun rose at Lake Sawyer.  Note the color of the bird's feathers.  They are just now turning into the familiar black with white head pattern of mature eagles.

It's so much fun watching them fish while competing with other eagles for territory.

How old do eagles live?  When in captivity, eagles have been known to live for 40 to 50 years. but when in the wild, 15 to 20 years would be more typical.  Life is tough out there.

Best time to observe eagles at Lake Sawyer seems to be in the morning during the first couple of hours after sunrise and late afternoon before sunset.  You can also see them in the middle of the day soaring high above the lake riding afternoon thermals, scoping out their territory - usually not fishing if they have already fed.  They eat between 1/2 to 1 and 1/2 lbs of food each day (6% to 11% of their body weight) and can gobble down a 1 pound fish in just 4 minutes. discarding what they don't want.

Following is a photo from a recent fly-by taken from our deck.

You can observe eagles at Lake Sawyer most anywhere on the lake, including at the boat launch park and the regional park at the south end of the lake.  Enjoy the spectacle!